An Exploratory Study of Type B Variation of the Sciatic Nerve

Rasyidah Rehir^1,2*Jun Mun Teoh²Sumar Chan²Raghad Abdulaziz Almansour^2,3Abeer Saleh Alshaya²Abduelmenem Alashkham²

• ¹Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• ²Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
• ³Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Back ground: Sciatic nerve gives off branches that supply the back of the thigh, leg, and foot. Classically, this nerve emerges from the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle and subsequently divides into the common fibular and tibial nerves in the distal third of the posterior thigh. However, the course of the sciatic nerve varies among individuals, potentially resulting in nerve compressions. Understanding these variations helps prevent injuries during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This study examined the branching patterns of this nerve in the Scottish cadavers using the Beaton and Anson classification, which categorizes them into Type A-G. Methods: Twelve gluteal regions (4 males, 8 females) with a mean age of 87.3 years, were obtained from a Scottish University regulated by the Human Tissue (Scotland) 2006. The sciatic nerve and its branches were carefully dissected, and the relationship between the nerve and the piriformis muscle was observed and documented. Results: One left gluteal region of an 89-yearold female (n=1, 8.3%) showed sciatic nerve variation. This variant exhibited early bifurcation, with the common fibular nerve piercing through the piriformis and the tibial nerve passing beneath it (referred to as Type B). The remaining 91.7% of cases, the sciatic nerve exhibited classical presentation (referred to as Type A). Conclusions: The Type B variation of the sciatic nerve is found in 8.3% of the elderly Scottish cadavers. While it is rare, it is crucial to acknowledge nerve variants to prevent injuries during posterior approach total hip arthroplasty or inadequate sciatic nerve blockade.