ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Neurological Biomarkers
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1606436
Nomogram Based on Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value to Predict Short-Term Prognosis in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Provisionally accepted
- 1The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- 2Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) on the prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to develop and validate a nomogram for identifying patients with a poor prognosis following ICH.We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 742 patients with ICH admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from September 2018 to March 2024. A modified Rankin Scale score > 3 at 90 days after discharge was defined as a poor short-term prognosis. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort and a validation cohort in a 7:3 ratio. In the training cohort, risk factors associated with poor short -term prognosis were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram was developed and validated.Results: Of the 742 ICH patients included in this study, 519 were assigned to the training cohort and 223 to the validation cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several risk factors for poor prognosis of ICH: brainstem hemorrhage (OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.80-5.59, P < 0.01), reduced activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89 -0.99, P = 0.047), large bleeding volume (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.04-1.09, P < 0.01), low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.70-0.82, P < 0.01), and high PIV level (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.01-1.01, P < 0.01). A nomogram was constructed based on these factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86, indicating good discrimination ability. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for the validation cohort demonstrated that the model had satisfactory calibration. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram had clinical utility across a wide range of threshold probabilities.A high PIV level, large bleeding volume, and low GCS score are significant risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with ICH. The nomogram based on these factors demonstrates robust predictive performance.
Keywords: intracerebral hemorrhage, nomogram, Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value, clinical study, prognosis
Received: 23 Apr 2025; Accepted: 11 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Zhang, Zhang, Li, Yang and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xinxin Yang, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
Yuqiao Wang, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.