REVIEW article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Neurotrauma
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1608645
This article is part of the Research TopicIntegrative Approaches to Acute Brain Injury: Vascular, Electrical, and Metabolic InteractionsView all 5 articles
A Comprehensive Review of Rehabilitation Approaches for Traumatic Brain Injury: Efficacy and Outcomes
Provisionally accepted
- Department of Child Psychology, Hangzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), particularly in moderate-to-severe cases, remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, affecting over 64 million individuals annually. Its complex and multifactorial nature demands an integrated, multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach to address the diverse physical, cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial impairments that follow injury. We conducted a structured literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for suitable studies. This comprehensive review critically examines key rehabilitation strategies for TBI, including neuropsychological assessments, cognitive and neuroplasticity-based interventions, psychosocial support, and community reintegration through occupational therapy. The review emphasizes emerging technological innovations such as virtual reality, robotics, brain-computer interfaces, and tele-rehabilitation, which are expanding access to care and enhancing recovery outcomes. Furthermore, it also explores regenerative approaches, such as stem cell therapies and nanotechnology, highlighting their future potential in neurorehabilitation. Special attention is given to the importance of rigorous outcome evaluation, including standardized functional measures, neuropsychological testing, and advanced statistical methodologies to assess treatment efficacy and clinical significance. Patient-centered care is emphasized as a core element-rehabilitation plans are tailored to each individual's cognitive profile, functional needs, and life goals. Studies show this approach leads to better outcomes in executive functioning, emotional well-being, and community reintegration. It identifies gaps in current research, such as the lack of longitudinal studies, predictors of individualized treatment success, cost-benefit evaluations, and strategies to manage comorbidities like PTSD. Thus, combining conventional and technology-assisted rehabilitation-guided by patient-centered strategies-can enhance recovery in moderate-to-severe TBI. Future research should focus on long-term effectiveness, cost-efficiency, and scalable personalized care models.
Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury, Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation, Cognitive Therapy, telerehabilitation, medical trends
Received: 09 Apr 2025; Accepted: 22 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Shen, Jiang, Lai, Hu, Liang, Zhang and Cao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Liming Cao, Department of Child Psychology, Hangzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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