ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Sleep Disorders
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1635012
Nomogram for predicting early olfactory dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: A multicenter-based study
Provisionally accepted
- 1川北医学院附属医院, 中国 四川 南充, China
- 2Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- 3Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Objective: To develop and validate a clinical prediction model for olfactory dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), evaluating the combined predictive value of polysomnography (PSG) parameters and clinical symptoms. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 546 OSAHS patients, including 420 from the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were (randomly divided into training [n=294] and internal validation [n=126] sets), and 126 from the Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu (external validation set). All patients underwent overnight PSG for sleep parameter assessment and Sniffin' Sticks tests for olfactory evaluation. Predictors were selected using LASSO regression with subsequent logistic regression modeling, followed by nomogram construction. Model performance was assessed through ROC analysis, calibration curves and DCA curves. Results: Among 546 enrolled patients, with OSAHS were included in this study. The overall olfactory dysfunction incidence was 38.64% (211/546). Multivariable analysis identified seven independent predictors: Gender, age,AHI, N3%, REM%, TS90%, and MoCA. The predictive efficacy AUC of the training set model was 0.832 (95%CI:0.784-0.880); good calibration (slope=0.89, Hosmer-Lemeshow P=0.41); and clinical utility across threshold probabilities of 0.06-0.97. Conclusion: Our prediction model constructed based on gender, age, AHI, N3%, REM%, TS90%, and MoCA can effectively identify OSAHS patients at high risk for olfactory dysfunction. With robust discrimination and calibration, this tool provides a clinically useful, non-invasive method for early risk stratification and intervention planning.
Keywords: Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, olfactory function, Sleep structure, nomogram
Received: 27 May 2025; Accepted: 28 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Qingchun, Li, Huang and Mi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Pan Qingchun, 川北医学院附属医院, 中国 四川 南充, China
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