ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Applied Neuroimaging
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1639160
LASSO - Nomogram Model for Ultrasound - Atherosclerosis Correlation and Diagnostic Verification in Anterior Circulation
Provisionally accepted
- 1Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- 2China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cervical vascular ultrasound/transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) parameters and anterior circulation cerebral atherosclerosis severity, and to develop a Lasso-Nomogram predictive model for clinical assessment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 350 patients with anterior circulation atherosclerosis, randomly divided into training (n=245) and validation (n=105) sets. Collected data included: 1) demographics and medical history; 2) lipid profiles; 3) ultrasound parameters (carotid intima-media thickness [IMT], plaque stability, internal carotid artery stenosis rate, middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity [MCA-PSV], end-diastolic velocity [MCA-EDV], pulsatility index [PI], resistance index [RI]). Patients were stratified by atherosclerosis severity (mild-moderate vs severe). LASSO regression identified key predictors for nomogram prediction model construction, with model performance rigorously evaluated. Results: Baseline characteristics were balanced between training set and validation set (P>0.05). Univariate analysis identified 10 significant factors (all P<0.05). LASSO regression selected 9 key predictors: age, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), carotid IMT, plaque stability, stenosis rate, and MCA hemodynamics (PSV, EDV, RI). Multivariate analysis showed HDL (OR=7.410) and stable plaques (OR=3.987) as protective factors of arteriosclerosis, while LDL (OR=0.621), carotid IMT (OR=0.038), MCA-PSV (OR=0.978), MCA-EDV (OR=0.960), and RI (OR=0.010) were risk factors of arteriosclerosis (all P<0.05). The model demonstrated excellent discrimination (training C-index=0.850; validation=0.796) with AUCs of 0.849 (95%CI:0.792-0.907) and 0.801 (95%CI:0.698-0.904), respectively. Decision curve analysis confirmed clinical utility across threshold probabilities of 10-80%. Conclusion: Cervical vascular ultrasound and TCD parameters effectively reflect anterior circulation atherosclerosis severity. Our Lasso-Nomogram model provides clinicians with a reliable, visualized tool for individualized risk assessment, potentially improving patient management.
Keywords: Anterior circulation cerebral atherosclerosis, Color Doppler ultrasonography of cervical vessels, Transcranial doppler ultrasonography, LASSO regression, Nomogram model, Correlation, Diagnostic model
Received: 15 Aug 2025; Accepted: 23 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Cheng, Jia and Yu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Delin Yu, yudelinydl@163.com
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