ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Movement Disorders
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1682964
Investigating the Association of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value, Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Pain in Parkinson's Disease
Provisionally accepted
- Huai'an No.3 People's Hospital, Huian, China
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Objective: To explore the relationship between novel composite inflammatory markers—pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)—and the presence of pain in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A total of 150 PD patients who attended the outpatient or inpatient departments of the Second Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University (Huai'an Third People's Hospital) between September 2020 and December 2023 were enrolled as the PD group. An additional 150 age-and sex-matched healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examinations were selected as the healthy control (HC) group. The King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS), Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) staging, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24 (HAMD-24), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) were used to assess pain, disease severity, motor symptoms, depression, and anxiety in PD patients. Demographic and laboratory data were collected for all participants. Based on KPPS scores, PD patients were subdivided into those with pain (PDP group) and those without pain (nPDP group). Intergroup differences were compared, and the associations of PIV, SII, and NLR with pain in PD were analyzed. Results: Among the 150 PD patients, 79 (52.7%) reported pain, with a mean KPPS score of 10.81 ± 8.67. Compared to the HC group, PD patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of PIV, SII/100, and NLR, and significantly lower platelet and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, PIV, SII/100, H-Y stage, UPDRS-III, and HAMD-24 scores were significantly higher in the PDP group than in the nPDP group (p < 0.05). KPPS scores were positively correlated with PIV, H-Y stage, UPDRS-III, and HAMD-24 scores, but not with SII/100 or NLR. Conclusion: Inflammatory dysregulation is present in PD patients. Compared with the nPDP group, patients in the PDP group showed significantly higher levels of PIV and SII/100, as well as greater disease severity (H-Y stage, This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article UPDRS-III) and more pronounced depressive symptoms (HAMD-24) (p < 0.05). Moreover, KPPS scores in PD patients were not only associated with PIV but also positively correlated with disease stage, motor function impairment, overall disease severity, anxiety,and depression
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, Pain, King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS), novelcompositeinflammatorymarkers, pan-immune-inflammationvalue, systemicimmune-inflammation index
Received: 10 Aug 2025; Accepted: 16 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Pan, Wang, Zhang, Shi, Sun, Xu and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shouyong Wang, frankwsy@126.com
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