ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Organ. Psychol.
Sec. Employee Well-being and Health
Temporal dynamics in time pressure appraisal – Testing the effects of a general time pressure appraisal tendency
Provisionally accepted
- 1Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- 2Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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We examine the effect of general challenge or hindrance appraisal tendencies and variability therein on the relationship between weekly time pressure with work engagement and irritation. According to appraisal theory, we suggest that general challenge or hindrance appraisals and the time dynamic of the appraisal (stability vs. variability) affect the stress response to weekly time pressure. In a multilevel analysis of a five-week weekly diary study (N = 277) we calculated the moderation effect of the mean and standard deviation of challenge and hindrance appraisal on the weekly relationship between time pressure with work engagement and strain. General hindrance appraisal moderated the effect of time pressure on vigour and absorption. The relationship was positive (/non-significant) if hindrance appraisal was low (/high) for absorption. We only found significant three-way interactions for hindrance appraisal with vigour, dedication, and cognitive irritation as outcomes. A low variability of general high hindrance appraisal reduced the moderation effect of general hindrance appraisal on the relationship between time pressure and work engagement/strain. We conclude that there is an adaptation effect which can be eliminated by a high variability of hindrance appraisal.
Keywords: Challenge-hindrance framework, Time pressure, appraisal, variability, temporal dynamics
Received: 25 Nov 2024; Accepted: 10 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Baethge and Vahle-Hinz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Anja Baethge, anja.baethge@medicalschool-hamburg.de
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