Dynamics and challenges of technology transfer in Colombia: A systematic literature review

Alejandro Valencia-Arias^1*Karla Fernanda Bonilla Restrepo²Eliana Villa Enciso¹Jackeline Valencia^2,3Juan Camilo Rua Hernandez¹Diana Marleny Ramírez-Ramírez¹

• ¹instituto tecnologico metropolitano, Medellín, Colombia
• ²Fundación Universitaria Católica del Norte, Medellín, Colombia
• ³Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile

Technology transfer in Colombia plays a critical role in promoting innovation and regional development. However, its implementation faces persistent challenges. The objective of this study is to analyze the institutional, economic, and cultural dynamics that affect the effectiveness and sustainability of technology transfer in the country. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, leveraging the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The review encompassed peer-reviewed articles that focused on knowledge transfer within the Colombian context. The analysis revealed multiple barriers, including institutional fragmentation, inadequate investment in R&D, insufficient incentives for collaboration, and a deficient culture of trust between academia and industry. Furthermore, the rigidity of organizations and the limited adaptation of international transfer models to local contexts have been identified as factors that impede the efficacy of these processes. The findings underscore the significance of recognizing regional particularities, promoting inclusive governance, and fostering horizontal relationships among key stakeholders. The study also identifies effective international strategies that could be adapted to Colombia, such as open innovation, co-creation models, and hybrid technology transfer offices. The study's findings indicate that enhancing technology transfer in Colombia necessitates a systemic and context-sensitive approach, integrating public policy, academic initiatives, and business participation. It is imperative to fortify institutional capacities, augment R&D funding, and harmonize innovation with social and environmental objectives to cultivate a more robust and inclusive innovation ecosystem.