ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Surg.
Sec. Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1594849
This article is part of the Research TopicNew Directions in Three-Dimensional Imaging: Dental and Craniofacial ApplicationsView all articles
Machine learning-based assessment of condylar changes after orthognathic surgery of asymmetric dentofacial deformities
Provisionally accepted- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Introduction: This retrospective study aimed to investigate three-dimensional (3D) condyle change including volumetric, positional, rotational alterations in patients with asymmetric dentofacial deformities immediate and long after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Methods: The sample included 36 patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, with a maxillomandibular dental midline deviation > 3mm, excluding those with class II/III malocclusions and craniofacial syndrome. A fully automated deep learning-based assessment method was used to analyze the volume, position and rotation of condyle based on Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compared the changes at three intervals—presurgery (T0), one-week post-surgery (T1), and six months post-surgery (T2)— of the deviated sides and non-deviated sides condyle. Results: The condyle on the deviated side was smaller than that on the non-deviated side, with significant volume reductions observed six months post-surgery on the deviated side. Several condylar changes were observed immediately after surgery, though of small magnitude, and it mostly tended to return to their original positions 6 months after surgery. However, the condyle rotated laterally on the deviated side and medially on the non-deviated side post operation and in long-term. Conclusion: For patients with asymmetry, condyle on the deviated side undergo greater remodeling than the non-deviated side after orthognathic surgery. There are measurable rotations in the coronal plane of condyle on both sides.
Keywords: Orthognathic Surgery, asymmetry, condyle, automated methods, Temporomandibular Joint
Received: 17 Mar 2025; Accepted: 25 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Tang, Shi and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shuguang Liu, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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