ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Surg.
Sec. Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1596993
Analysis of Risk Factors for Capsular Contracture After Breast Augmentation: A Retrospective Study
Provisionally accepted
Xin-Yao Li1
Shi-Qi Xiao2*- 1Shenzhen Yixing Medical Beauty Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- 2School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
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Background: Capsular contracture is a prevalent complication following breast augmentation that adversely affects aesthetic outcomes and often necessitates revision surgery. This study aimed to assess potential predictors of capsular contracture in patients undergoing primary breast augmentation.In this retrospective study, 212 patients (386 implant insertions) who underwent primary breast augmentation with silicone implants at our institution between January 2019 and December 2022 were included. Patients were stratified based on the presence of capsular contracture, diagnosed and graded by board-certified plastic surgeons using the Baker classification system. Demographic, clinical, and surgical parameters-including age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, lactation history, implant characteristics, surgical approach, and postoperative drainage volume-were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Univariate analysis was conducted with t-tests and chi-square tests, while multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors, with significance set at P < 0.05.Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that variables such as age, BMI, and drainage volume did not significantly differ between groups. However, smoking history, oversized implants, and hematoma occurrence were significantly associated with capsular contracture.Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that a positive smoking history (odds ratio [OR] = 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-6.38), implant oversizing (OR = 6.00, 95% CI: 2.44-14.80), and hematoma formation (OR = 14.60, 95% CI: 1.78-118.90) independently increased the risk.Conclusions: This study identifies smoking, implant oversizing, and hematoma as significant modifiable risk factors for capsular contracture following breast augmentation. These findings underscore the importance of careful preoperative planning and patient counseling to mitigate postoperative complications.
Keywords: Capsular contracture, Breast Augmentation, Smoking, Oversized implants, Hematoma
Received: 20 Mar 2025; Accepted: 05 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li and Xiao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shi-Qi Xiao, School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
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