An Updated Review of Rhinoplasty Techniques in East Asian Populations: A Comparative Analysis of East vs. West Approaches

Feven Birara Tesfaye¹Gadisa Musa Wako²Xiangdong Qi^1*

• ¹Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
• ²Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing city, China

Rhinoplasty, a complex procedure influenced by aesthetic and functional considerations, exhibits distinct approaches between Eastern and Western practitioners. This study aimed to comprehensively compare anatomical differences and recent advancements in rhinoplasty techniques between these regions.A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Keywords included "rhinoplasty," "eastern and western," "anatomy," "techniques," and "advances." Inclusion criteria were research articles and clinical studies published in English, focusing on anatomical comparisons and rhinoplasty techniques between Eastern and Western populations. After initial screening of titles and abstracts, full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Data extraction focused on anatomical differences, surgical techniques, and outcomes. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze and compare findings from included studies.Search produced 325 results. After primary screening, the duplicates were removed and we remained with 226 results. Screening for content, we remained with a total of 67 eligible articles that were further examined to identify relevant information.Comparative analysis revealed significant anatomical variations between Eastern and Western populations, including disparities in nasal bone and cartilage dimensions, skin thickness, and nasal tip morphology. These differences significantly impact surgical planning and execution.Recent advancements such as 3D planning, biodegradable materials, minimally invasive techniques, and augmented reality have transformed rhinoplasty. However, adoption rates vary regionally. While Western practitioners often embrace novel techniques, Eastern surgeons tend to favor traditional approaches.Eastern rhinoplasty increasingly utilizes closed techniques incorporating autologous grafts (e.g., ear cartilage) and implants (silicon, PIFE, Medpor). However, implantrelated complications, including visibility and infection, necessitate careful consideration. Western practitioners frequently employ ultrasonic devices for precise tissue manipulation.