Impact of Nursing Robotic Assisted Surgery Education on Kirkpatrick's four Levels

Maria Angela Cerruto^1,2*Elisabetta Veronese³Francesca Moretti²Nadia Mansuerti³Marianna Azzolini³Erika Poiesi³Nicola Vezzari³Erika Vignola³Davide Gulotta³Andrea Barp³Alessandro Veccia³Antonio Benito Porcaro³Riccardo Giuseppe Bertolo²Alessandro Antonelli²Romina Leardini³Luca Dal Corso³Massimo Zanolli²

• ¹Integrated University Hospital Verona, Verona, Italy
• ²Universita degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
• ³Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy

Introduction: As the robotic surgical burden of diseases increases, the development of skilled sur-geons and nursing surgery teams is of fundamental importance. The Kirkpatrick Model is a widely rec-ognised evaluation framework that helps educators assess the impact and effectiveness of educational interventions. However, there is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of robotic surgical training programmes for nursing teams. The study aimed to develop an organisational improvement model to identify the profile of a nurse expert in Robotic Assisted Surgery (RAS) and to define a suitable train-ing programme according to Kirkpatrick’s evaluation levels. The model also aimed to increase the num-ber of active robotic rooms while maintaining the same number of staff.Methods: From January 2023 to December 2024, a single hospital institution developed an organisa-tional improvement project consisting of the following steps:- Identification of the catalogue of compe-tences of the nurse expert in RAS, using the contributions of personnel already active in this field;- Mapping of competences;- Start of a training programme, evaluated according to the Kirkpatrick mod-el;- Remapping of competences at the end of the training;- Gradual increase in the number of active ro-botic operating theatres by 2024.Results: A total of 58 operating room nurses, including the 15 experienced nurses already on staff, had their competencies mapped. At the end of the training programme, 81% of these nurses had achieved the level of competency required to operate a robotic operating room independently, resulting in an overall increase of 154% in the number of active robotic operating rooms per week.Discussion: Detailed planning of training activities dedicated to existing operating theatre nurses, eliminating the need for additional recruitment, together with periodic monitoring of newly acquired skills, has enabled the number of active robotic operating theatres to increase, significantly impacting the company's organisational model.