SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Surg.
Sec. Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1640588
The Intelligent Lift: Artificial Intelligence's Growing Role in Plastic Surgery -A Comprehensive Review
Provisionally accepted
- Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Background:Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming plastic surgery by enhancing diagnostic precision, surgical planning, and postoperative evaluation. Despite promising results in algorithmic performance, the clinical utility and ethical implications of AI in this specialty remain underexplored.Methods:This study systematically reviewed literature from January 2010 to May 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. Included studies evaluated AI applications in plastic surgery using validated models and reported performance metrics. Quality assessment was performed using QUADAS-2, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and TRIPOD-AI criteria. A randomeffects meta-analysis summarized pooled accuracy across domains.Results:A total of 25 studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, AI achieved a pooled diagnostic accuracy of 88% (95% CI: 0.85-0.90; I² = 32%). Postoperative evaluation showed the highest accuracy (90%), followed by preoperative planning (88%) and predictive modeling (86%). Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) demonstrated strong performance in image-based and predictive tasks, respectively. However, fewer than 40% of studies reported external validation, and none included prospective clinical trials. Ethical concerns, limited data diversity, and methodological inconsistencies were prevalent.This study confirms AI's significant potential in plastic surgery for enhancing surgical precision and personalized care. However, clinical integration is hindered by inadequate validation, transparency, and demographic representation. Advancing the field requires standardized protocols, multicenter collaborations, and ethical frameworks to ensure safe and equitable deployment of AI technologies..
Keywords: artificial intelligence, machine learning, plastic surgery, Preoperative planning, Postoperative evaluation, Algorithmic bias, Global health disparities
Received: 03 Jun 2025; Accepted: 07 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Arkoubi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Amr Arkoubi, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.