Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery: new and emerging concepts New technologies and knowledge completely changed diagnosis and surgical approach to thyroid and parathyroid diseases in the last decades

Rita Laforgia^1*Giovanna Pavone²Ferdinando Massimiliano Anelli¹Giovanni Docimo³Antonio Ambrosi²Angela Pezzolla¹Nicola Tartaglia²

• ¹Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
• ²Universita degli Studi di Foggia Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Foggia, Italy
• ³Universita degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy

Actually, the number of detected thyroid nodules has increased significantly thanks to the ultrasound accuracy. In addition, the management of hyperparathyroidism has similarly evolved with an increase of endocrine diseases. Prompt recognition and treatment of thyroid and parathyroid disorders could have a beneficial impact on health outcomes and could reduce the economic and social burden associated with the treatment of advanced disease.The practice of surgery for thyroid disease has seen many advances over the past decade, with most developments related to technologies focusing on the reduction of complications. Devices developed for surgical dissection with improved haemostasis and reduced heat transfer (and hence collateral tissue damage) is of particular interest in thyroid surgery. Laryngeal nerve injury and parathyroid gland dysfunction are complications of surgery with potentially devastating consequences and hence have been an area of focus for recent technological developments.Conventional thyroidectomy has been the standard of care, but other innovative techniques have been pioneered such as a gasless endoscopic transaxillary thyroidectomy (GTET), the bilateral axillary-breast approach (BABA), behind-the-ear (RA) facelift approach and transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via vestibular approach (TOETVA)The role of multidisciplinary team with endocrine surgeon, endocrinologist, oncologist, nuclear radiologists, radiotherapist is essential to find the right management of those patients.The aim of this special issue was to provide a focus on new and emerging concepts about Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, including surgical technique with possible complications, referral centres' experience, oncological outcomes and multidisciplinary approach. The contributions by leading experts in this field would reach this objective, especially with state of the arte reviews on minimally invasive surgery or novel approaches to thyroid and parathyroid cancer. This topic about Endocrine Surgery reached excellent results with 11 manuscripts accepted, with high quality and scientific level, on 22 manuscript presented to editors' attention. The authors belong to referral centers for thyroid and parathyroid disease from different countries.All the accepted manuscript are listed below :