Type 2 inflammation across diseases: common roots, varied branches

Type 2 immunity–driven diseases encompass a wide range of chronic inflammatory conditions, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps, food allergy, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and eosinophilic esophagitis, that, despite their distinct clinical manifestations, share a common immunopathological foundation centered on T-helper 2 (Th2) polarization. These conditions are characterized by altered immune homeostasis, complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, and activation of converging molecular pathways involving cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and tissue-resident immune cells. The clinical heterogeneity of type 2 inflammation underscores the need for robust biomarkers, predictive tools, and stratification strategies to guide precision medicine approaches, particularly in the era of targeted biologic therapies.

This Research Topic aims to highlight recent advances in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of type 2 immunity–driven diseases, with a focus on emerging biomarkers, predictive modeling, including artificial intelligence applications, and the development of integrative scoring systems to optimize patient selection and long-term outcomes. Recognizing the interconnected nature of these conditions, despite their diverse clinical manifestations, is crucial for developing unified, cross-disciplinary strategies that reflect their shared immunopathological basis. By adopting a systems-level approach, this collection aims to support precision medicine initiatives and enhance patient care across various specialties. In addition, we aim to collect real-life studies on biologic therapies for type 2 inflammation, assessing their long-term effectiveness, safety, patient-reported outcomes, and healthcare impact in various clinical settings.

Suitable themes include but are not limited to:

• Inflammation and altered immune homeostasis in type 2 immunity‐driven diseases.
• Evaluation of gene expression, protein levels of inflammatory mediators, adhesion proteins, cytokines, and pro-resolving molecules in type 2 immunity‐driven diseases.
• Novel serological biomarkers of disease severity and long-term prognosis in type 2 immunity‐driven diseases.
• Recent applications of routine laboratory parameters and instrumental techniques for assessing disease severity and organ involvement in type 2 immunity‐driven diseases.
• Predictive factors of response to specific biologics in type 2 immunity‐driven diseases.
• Development of new multi-parametrical scores for identifying eligible patients for specific biological therapies targeting the type 2 inflammatory pathway
• Possible role and applications of artificial intelligence in type 2 immunity‐driven diseases.
• Real-life studies on biologic therapies for type 2 immunity‐driven diseases.

All article types accepted by Frontiers in Allergy are welcome.

Article types and fees

This Research Topic accepts the following article types, unless otherwise specified in the Research Topic description:

• Brief Research Report
• Case Report
• Classification
• Clinical Trial
• Community Case Study
• Data Report
• Editorial
• FAIR² Data
• FAIR² DATA Direct Submission
• ... View all formats

Articles that are accepted for publication by our external editors following rigorous peer review incur a publishing fee charged to Authors, institutions, or funders.

Article types

This Research Topic accepts the following article types, unless otherwise specified in the Research Topic description:

• Brief Research Report
• Case Report
• Classification
• Clinical Trial
• Community Case Study
• Data Report
• Editorial
• FAIR² Data
• FAIR² DATA Direct Submission
• General Commentary
• Hypothesis and Theory
• Methods
• Mini Review
• Opinion
• Original Research
• Perspective
• Policy and Practice Reviews
• Policy Brief
• Review
• Study Protocol
• Systematic Review
• Technology and Code

Keywords: Type 2 inflammation, Asthma, Allergy, Eosinophils, Citokines, IgE, Th2 immunity, Biologics, Precision medicine

Important note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.