@ARTICLE{10.3389/fimmu.2017.01905, AUTHOR={Schetters, Sjoerd T. T. and Gomez-Nicola, Diego and Garcia-Vallejo, Juan J. and Van Kooyk, Yvette}, TITLE={Neuroinflammation: Microglia and T Cells Get Ready to Tango}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Immunology}, VOLUME={8}, YEAR={2018}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01905}, DOI={10.3389/fimmu.2017.01905}, ISSN={1664-3224}, ABSTRACT={In recent years, many paradigms concerning central nervous system (CNS) immunology have been challenged and shifted, including the discovery of CNS-draining lymphatic vessels, the origin and functional diversity of microglia, the impact of T cells on CNS immunological homeostasis and the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. In parallel, antigen presentation outside the CNS has revealed the vital role of antigen-presenting cells in maintaining tolerance toward self-proteins, thwarting auto-immunity. Here, we review recent findings that unite these shifted paradigms of microglial functioning, antigen presentation, and CNS-directed T cell activation, focusing on common neurodegenerative diseases. It provides an important update on CNS adaptive immunity, novel targets, and a concept of the microglia T-cell equilibrium.} }