Due to an inadvertent error, Louvado et al. (2015) was noted cited in the footnotes of Table 1. The corrected Table 1 along with the footnote appears below. The authors apologize for this error. This does not affect the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.
Table 1
| Name | Molecular formula | Cas registry no. | Physical chemical properties | Toxicology | Biodegradation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B. Pt. (°C) | M.Pt (°C) | V.P. (mmHg at 25°C)a | Solubility (mg/L)a, b | TEFa, c | IARCa, d | EPAa, e | Estimated half-lives (days)a, f | Measured half-lives (days)a, g | |||
| Naphthalene | C10H8 | 91-20-3 | 218 | 80.2 | 8.5 × 10−2 | 31 | n.d. | 2B | C | 5.66 | n.d. |
| Acenaphthene | C12H10 | 83-32-9 | 279 | 93.4 | 2.5 × 10−3 | 3.93 | 0.001 | 3 | D | 18.77 | n.d. |
| Acenaphthylene | C12H8 | 208-96-8 | 280 | 91.8 | 6.68 × 10−3 | 1.93 | 0.001 | n.c. | D | 30.7 | n.d. |
| Anthracene | C14H10 | 120-12-7 | 342 | 216.4 | 6.53 × 10−6 | 0.076 | 0.01 | 3 | D | 123 | 2.7 |
| Phenanthrene | C14H10 | 85-01-8 | 340 | 100.5 | 1.2 × 10−4 | 1.20 | 0.001 | 3 | D | 14.97 | 5 |
| Fluorene | C13H10 | 86-73-7 | 295 | 116-7 | 6.0 × 10−4 | 1.68–1.98 | 0.001 | 3 | D | 15.14 | n.d. |
| Fluoranthene | C16H10 | 206-44-0 | 375 | 108.8 | 9.22 × 10−6 | 0.20–0.26 | 0.001 | 3 | D | 191.4 | 9.2 |
| Benzo[a]anthracene | C18H12 | 56-55-3 | 438 | 158 | 4.11 × 10−3 | 0.010 | 0.1 | 2B | B2 | 343.8 | >182 |
| Chrysene | C18H12 | 218-01-9 | 448 | 254 | 6.23 × 10−9 | 1.5 × 10−3 | 0.010 | 2B | B2 | 343.8 | n.d. |
| Pyrene | C16H10 | 129-00-0 | 150.4 | 393 | 4.5 × 10−6 | 0.132 | 0.001 | 3 | D | 283.4 | 151 |
| Benzo[a]pyrene | C20H12 | 50-32-8 | 495 | 179 | 5.49 × 10−9 | 3.8 × 10−3 | 1.0 | 1 | B2 | 421.6 | 11 |
| Benzo[b]fluoranthene | C20H12 | 205-99-2 | 481 | 168.3 | 5.0 × 10−7 | 0.0012 | n.d. | 2B | B2 | 284.7 | n.d. |
| Benzo[k]fluoranthene | C20H12 | 207-08-9 | 480 | 215.7 | 9.7 × 10−10 | 7.6 × 10−4 | 0.1 | 2B | B2 | 284.7 | n.d. |
| Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene | C22H14 | 53-70-3 | 524 | 262 | 9.55 × 10−10 | 5.0 × 10−4 | n.d. | 2A | B2 | 511.4 | n.d. |
| Benzo[g,h,i]perylene | C22H12 | 191-24-2 | 500 | 277 | 1.0 × 10−10 | 2.6 × 10−5 | n.d. | 3 | D | 517.1 | n.d. |
| Indenol[1,2,3-cd]pyrene | C22H12 | 193-39-5 | 536 | 161-3 | 1.25 × 10−3 | 0.062 | n.d. | 2B | B2 | 349.2 | n.d. |
Physical-chemical properties and some relevant information of 16 PAHs enlisted as priority pollutants by US EPA.
Data for vapor pressure, solubility, toxicology, and biodegradation has been adapted from Louvado et al. (2015) and the references therein.
Mackay and Shiu (1977).
Toxic equivalent factor relatively to Benzo[a]pyrene (Chang et al., 2014).
International Agency for Research on Cancer Classification Monographs Volume 1–111 updated 18 February 2015 (1, carcinogenic to humans; 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans; 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans; 3, not classifiable as carcinogenic to humans; n.c., not classified).
EPA carcinogenic classification: A, human carcinogenic; B1 and B2: probable human carcinogenic; C, possible human carcinogenic; D, not Classifiable as to human carcinogenicity; E, evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans.
Estimation using BioHCwin software v1.01 on EPI Suite software develop by Howard et al. (2005).
Comber et al. (2012); n.d., not determined.
Statements
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Yeungnam University Research Grant (2015).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
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ChangW. T.FangM. D.LeeC. L.BrimblecombeP. (2014). Measuring bioavailable PAHs in estuarine water using semipermeable membrane devices with performance reference compounds. Mar. Pollut. Bull.89, 376–383. 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.031
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HowardP.MeylanW.AronsonD.StitelerW.TunkelJ.ComberM.et al. (2005). A new biodegradation prediction model specific to petroleum hydrocarbons. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.24, 1847–1860. 10.1897/04-453R.1
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LouvadoA.GomesN. C.SimõesM. M.AlmeidaA.ClearyD. F.CunhaA. (2015). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in deep sea sediments: microbe-pollutant interactions in a remote environment. Sci. Total Environ.526, 312–328. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.048
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MackayD.ShiuW. Y. (1977). Aqueous solubility of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Eng.22, 399–402.
Summary
Keywords
biodegradation, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), bacteria, fungi, algae
Citation
Ghosal D, Ghosh S, Dutta TK and Ahn Y (2016) Corrigendum: Current State of Knowledge in Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Review. Front. Microbiol. 7:1837. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01837
Received
20 October 2016
Accepted
01 November 2016
Published
15 November 2016
Volume
7 - 2016
Edited and reviewed by
Pankaj Kumar Arora, M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, India
Updates
Copyright
© 2016 Ghosal, Ghosh, Dutta and Ahn.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Tapan K. Dutta tapan@jcbose.ac.in
This article was submitted to Microbiotechnology, Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
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