%A Hua,Canfeng %A Tian,Jing %A Tian,Ping %A Cong,Rihua %A Luo,Yanwen %A Geng,Yali %A Tao,Shiyu %A Ni,Yingdong %A Zhao,Ruqian %D 2017 %J Frontiers in Microbiology %C %F %G English %K Bacteria,Gene expression/regulation,Metabolism,Goat,Rumen %Q %R 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00138 %W %L %M %P %7 %8 2017-February-02 %9 Original Research %+ Yingdong Ni,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, China,niyingdong@njau.edu.cn %# %! Running title: Diet alters microbiome and metabolome in rumen. %* %< %T Feeding a High Concentration Diet Induces Unhealthy Alterations in the Composition and Metabolism of Ruminal Microbiota and Host Response in a Goat Model %U https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00138 %V 8 %0 JOURNAL ARTICLE %@ 1664-302X %X There is limited knowledge about the impact of long-term feeding a high-concentrate (HC) diet on rumen microbiota, metabolome, and host cell functions. In this study, a combination of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics techniques, 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA genes, and RT-PCR was applied to evaluate the changes of ruminal microbiota composition, ruminal metabolites, and related genes expression in rumen epithelial cells of lactating goats received either a 35% concentrate diet or a 65% concentrate diet for 4 or 19 weeks, respectively. Results show that feeding a HC diet reduced the microbiota diversity and led to the disorders of metabolism in the rumen. The concentrations of lactate, phosphorus, NH3-N and endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide in ruminal fluids, and plasma histamine, lactate and urine N (UN) were increased significantly in goats fed with a HC diet. A significant increase of genes expression related to volatile fatty acids transport, cell apoptosis, and inflammatory responses were also observed in goats fed with a HC diet. Correlation analysis revealed some potential relationships between bacteria abundance and metabolites concentrations. Our findings indicate that a HC diet can induce ruminal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders, thus increasing risks to host health and potential harm to the environment.