ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Neuroepidemiology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1602507
Global, regional, and national epidemiology of intracerebral hemorrhage among women of childbearing age (1990 -2021): incidence, mortality, DALYs, and risk factor analysis
Provisionally accepted
Yuan Li1
Wei Yang1Jixiang Xu2Guoming Pu1Sujun Liu1Chunmei Chen1Xiufang Che3Hua Huang1*
Pu Hongjiang1,4*- 1Department of Neurology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China., DaZhou, China
- 2General Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Afliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, Anhui, China., Hefei, China
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Tongchuan District, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China, Dazhou, China
- 4The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan Hospital,Yunnan Cancer Hospital,No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, China., Kunming, China
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Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious cerebrovascular condition that poses a significant health risk to women of childbearing age (WCBA) globally. However, research specifically focusing on the global impact and trends of ICH among WCBA is limited. This study aims to present data on the burden of ICH among WCBA from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries and regions, with an emphasis on health disparities, to inform more effective prevention and intervention strategies.Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2021), this study evaluates the global, regional, and national impact of ICH from 1990 to 2021, focusing on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Temporal trends were analyzed using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and health disparities were assessed using the slope index of inequality. Frontier analysis was employed to identify achievable outcomes based on development levels, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to project future disease burden trends.
Keywords: intracerebral hemorrhage, WCBA, Global burden of disease, disease burden, DALYs, GBD 2021
Received: 29 Mar 2025; Accepted: 15 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Yang, Xu, Pu, Liu, Chen, Che, Huang and Hongjiang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Hua Huang, Department of Neurology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China., DaZhou, China
Pu Hongjiang, Department of Neurology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China., DaZhou, China
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