REVIEW article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Sec. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
This article is part of the Research TopicScaffold bioprocessing for endogenous cardiovascular tissue restorationView all 5 articles
Bioengineered Heart Valves for Personalized Therapy: Advances in Manufacturing and Clinical Challenges
Provisionally accepted
- Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) remain a significant clinical challenge, with mechanical and bioprosthetic valves offering only temporary solutions and failing to address long-term complications such as structural degradation, immune rejection, and the inability to dynamically remodel. Over the past two decades, tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) have emerged as a promising alternative, combining biomaterials and patient-specific strategies to overcome these limitations. However, persistent issues, such as immune rejection, poor hemocompatibility, and inconsistent remodeling - continue to hinder clinical translation. Recent advances in immunomodulation, scaffold engineering, and personalized therapies show promise in mitigating these challenges, yet a fully integrated, comprehensive strategy remains elusive. This review critically explores the convergence of TEHVs and immunomodulation, focusing on how biomaterial-based immune engineering, nanoparticle-driven tolerance strategies, and advanced scaffold design can reshape heart valve therapy. By synthesizing recent innovations and highlighting key translational gaps, this paper lays the groundwork for a new generation of TEHVs that integrate, adapt, and regenerate, moving beyond passive mechanical replacements toward truly personalized cardiovascular solutions.
Keywords: precision medicine, Immunomodulation, cardiovascular bioengineering, advanced manufacturing, Scaffold engineering
Received: 27 Sep 2025; Accepted: 04 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Saeed and Khan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Kamran A Khan
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.