ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Sec. Nanobiotechnology
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvanced nanotechnology for integrated diagnosis and treatmentView all articles
A Dynamically Tunable Human Serum Albumin Biosensor based on Topological Edge States Graphene Nanozyme
Provisionally accepted
- 1Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
- 2Central South University Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- 3Hunan Women's University, Changsha, China
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This study presents a novel optical biosensor for human serum albumin (HSA) detection utilizing a heterostructure that integrates topological edge states with graphene. The sensor achieves high-sensitivity detection through optical topological modes and enables dynamic system responsiveness via graphene's tunable conductivity regulated by Fermi level modulation. Numerical results demonstrate that topological edge state excitation induces a sharp reflectance dip (depth >95%) at 195.5 THz in the optical communication band, exhibiting exceptional responsiveness to refractive index variations while maintaining stability against environmental interference through topological protection. Dynamic optimization is realized through electrostatic gating modulation of graphene's Fermi energy and layer number, with additional sensitivity enhancements achieved via precise control of sensing layer thickness and refractive index. The integration of topological photonics with two-dimensional materials provides a versatile foundation for developing sensing-therapeutic systems that address current challenges in biomedical applications, demonstrating significant potential for integration with nanozyme-based diagnostic and therapeutic nanotechnology. The platform's exceptional field enhancement and tunability could potentially augment the imaging sensitivity of nanozyme-based contrast agents, while its precise modulation capabilities may improve therapeutic efficiency through optimized catalytic activity. Furthermore, the robust topological protection mechanism offers enhanced stability crucial for clinical translation, addressing key limitations in current nanozyme technology including biocompatibility concerns and inconsistent catalytic performance. This integrated approach opens new possibilities for miniaturized, tunable, and interference-resistant biosensing systems with significant potential for multimodal synergistic applications in clinical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
Keywords: Graphene, Human serum albumin, optical biosensor, Optical communication band, topological edge states
Received: 26 Oct 2025; Accepted: 19 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Chen, Yao, Chen, Peng, Xu and Fu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yuxiang Peng
Jiao Xu
Qiang Fu
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