REVIEW article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Sec. Biosensors and Biomolecular Electronics
This article is part of the Research TopicIntegration of Next-Generation Technologies with Biosensors for Advanced Diagnostics and Personalized MedicineView all 7 articles
Smart Nanoplatforms for Early Detection and Immune Modulation in Lung Cancer
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine，Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China, Yantai, China
- 2Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China, Taian, China
- 3Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine，Haiyang people's Hospital, Haiyang 265100, China, Haiyang, China
- 4Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China, Yantai, China
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Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer related mortality due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficiency. Early detection and effective immune modulation are important to control lung cancer. Advancements in nanotechnology have improved oncology due to sensitive, specific, and minimally invasive detection platforms along with immune regulatory therapeutic approaches. Smart nanoplatforms fabricated with high precision and responsiveness have the ability to treat diseases as well as the immune system. These systems combine functional nanomaterials with biomolecular recognition elements to detect biomarkers such as exosomes, DNA, RNA, and proteins. They also facilitate targeted immune activation through checkpoint inhibition, nanovaccines, and tumor microenvironment reprogramming. Moreover, artificial intelligence and machine learning are enhancing the interpretation of complex data, which increases the diagnostic accuracy and predictive power. Despite advances in diagnostic and immune modulation, there are also several challenges related to biological barriers and biocompatibility. This review comprehensively explains the molecular basis of lung cancer, recent progress in nanotechnology based diagnostics and immunotherapy, and the design of multifunctional smart nanoplatforms. Future studies emphasize integrating personalized medicine, digital modeling, and bioinspired nanosystems for clinically translatable solutions in early lung cancer management.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, Early cancer detection, Immune Modulation, lung cancer, Nanotechnology
Received: 28 Oct 2025; Accepted: 15 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yu, Xia, Wang and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xueping Liu
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.