ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Sec. Biomaterials
This article is part of the Research TopicNanobiotechnology-Driven Strategies for Soft Tissue Repair: Integrating Nano-biomaterials, Stem Cells, and Nanomedicine Delivery SystemsView all 4 articles
Electroactive Electrospun Nanoplatform Combined with Electrical Stimulation Modulates Anti-inflammatory Macrophage Polarization for Enhanced Wound Healing
Provisionally accepted
- 1Trauma Treatment Center, Emergency Department, Beijing Genertec Aerospace Hospital, Beijing, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- 3National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
- 4Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- 5Department of orthopedics, Beijing Genertec Aerospace Hospital, Beijing, China
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Immune regulation plays a crucial role in tissue repair, with the polarization modulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages being particularly essential for tissue regeneration. Macrophage polarization can be modulated through biological or chemical stimuli, but research on the regulatory effect of physical stimuli on macrophage polarization remains limited. Herein, we propose the use of an electroactive nanofibrous scaffold constructed via electrostatic spinning technology, specifically a PU/CNT nanostructure, combined with exogenous electrical stimulation (ES), to modulate macrophage polarization. The nanofibrous scaffold constructed through electrostatic spinning consists of oriented nanofibers and exhibits excellent conductivity. Results from vivo and vitro biocompatibility demonstrate the good biological safety of the nanofibrous scaffold and ES. ES was associated with enhanced M2 polarization of macrophages. Mechanistic studies confirm that the electroactive nanofibrous scaffold can upregulate the expression of genes associated with the M2 phenotype of macrophages, such as Arg1 and IL-10, and inhibit the expression of genes linked to the M1 phenotype, including TNF-α and IL-6, by transmitting exogenous ES signals. ELISA and immunohistochemical results also fully confirm that ES can enhance the expression of the anti-inflammatory protein IL-10. In vivo histological analysis shows that ES can significantly promote wound healing. This paper presents a nanofibrous scaffold that combines exogenous ES for immune cells and provides a powerful tool for engineering macrophages aimed at tissue healing.
Keywords: anti-inflammatory, CNT, Electrical Stimulation, Immune Regulation, Macrophage polarization, Tissue Regeneration
Received: 05 Nov 2025; Accepted: 15 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Tang, Lu, Li and Yu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ye Tang
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