ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Sec. Biomechanics
A custom force plate for quantifying the force applied by the finger during smartphone usage
Provisionally accepted
Yumou Han1
Filippo M Vallerini2
Fred Holdsworth2
Kiatbodin Wanglertpanich2Angela E Kedgley2
Spyros Masouros1*- 1Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- 2The Imperial College Advanced Hackspace, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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The increase in thumb activity due to smartphone use in recent years may be associated with an elevated risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. Prior studies on hand biomechanics during touchscreen use have indicated that activities such as swiping and tapping lead to varying levels of muscle activation and ranges of motion. Currently, however, there is no device that can be used readily to measure finger forces accurately during smartphone use. This study presents the design of a portable force plate specifically developed to quantify fingertip forces during smartphone use. The device utilises a load-cell structure and foil strain gauges to measure applied force magnitude, direction, and location. The device achieved a force sensitivity of 0.15 N and a positional sensitivity of 2.5 mm, with a maximum measurable force capacity of 3 N. The portable force plate enables the study of hand kinetics whilst allowing for physiological kinematics during smartphone use, with applications spanning musculoskeletal and finite-element model development of the hand, ergonomic risk assessment, smartphone interface evaluation, and musculoskeletal injury prevention.
Keywords: Biomechanics, crosstalk, custom force plate, kinetic, smartphone, strain gauge
Received: 13 Aug 2025; Accepted: 27 Jan 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Han, Vallerini, Holdsworth, Wanglertpanich, Kedgley and Masouros. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Spyros Masouros
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