ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cell Dev. Biol.
Sec. Cancer Cell Biology
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1629770
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvances in Vascular Malformations: From Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms to Clinical Therapies and ManagementView all articles
Efficacy of Bleomycin and Sirolimus in Inhibiting CD31+ Endothelial Cell Proliferation in Noninvoluting Congenital Hemangiomas
Provisionally accepted
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Objective: Congenital hemangiomas are rare vascular anomalies that manifest at birth. Noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas present significant clinical challenges due to their persistence and associated complications. The mechanisms underlying congenital hemangiomas remain poorly understood, and current treatments have shown limited efficacy. This study aims to explore potential therapeutic strategies through the establishment of a stable cell model derived from noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas. Methods: Primary cells were isolated from noninvoluting congenital hemangioma tissue obtained from 5 patients, and CD31-positive endothelial cells were cultured and characterized. A subcutaneous xenograft model was established in nude mice to investigate tumorigenicity and evaluate the effects of various drugs, including bleomycin and sirolimus. Results: CD31-positive noninvoluting congenital hemangioma endothelial cells were successfully cultured and formed spheroids in vitro, demonstrating distinct morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics. When injected into nude mice, CD31-positive noninvoluting congenital hemangioma endothelial cells developed into tumors, whereas primary noninvoluting congenital hemangioma cells did not. Drug testing revealed that bleomycin and sirolimus effectively inhibited CD31-positive noninvoluting congenital hemangioma endothelial cells proliferation, with combination therapy showing significant tumor regression in vivo. Conclusions: The development of a stable cell model for noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas provides a valuable platform for understanding their pathogenesis and evaluating therapeutic options. The combination of bleomycin and sirolimus demonstrates promise as a novel treatment strategy, potentially improving outcomes for patients with noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas. Further studies are needed to explore the molecular mechanisms involved and to assess the efficacy across different congenital hemangioma subtypes.
Keywords: Noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas, CD31-positive endothelial cells, combination therapy, Subcutaneous xenograft model, Sirolimus
Received: 16 May 2025; Accepted: 05 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Wang, Li, Zhu, Bao and Ji. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Ji Bao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Yi Ji, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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