REVIEW article
Front. Cell Dev. Biol.
Sec. Cancer Cell Biology
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1640454
Developments in the study of the role of lactate metabolism in the genesis and progression of thyroid cancer
Provisionally accepted- 1Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- 3Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, GANZHOU, China
- 4Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- 5Department of Clinical Medicine, First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, GANZHOU, China
- 6Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, GANZHOU, China
- 7Basic Clinical College,Gannan Medical University, GANZHOU, China
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Thyroid carcinoma is among the most common endocrine system malignancies. Lactate metabolism and lactylation modification roles in carcinogenesis and development have garnered more interest in recent years. The expression and function of lactate transporters (MCTs) and significant metabolic enzymes are included in our summary of the characterisation of lactate metabolism in thyroid cancer. We systematically dissect the multifaceted regulatory circuits governing lactate metabolism by integrating three pivotal dimensions: (i) canonical signaling cascades; (ii) tumor-microenvironmental variables, most notably hypoxia and acidosis; and (iii) the emerging epigenetic paradigm of lactylation, which dynamically reprograms the catalytic efficiency of rate-limiting enzymes and reshapes the transcriptional landscape of metabolic genes, thereby precisely coordinating lactate homeostasis. Furthermore, this review explains how lactate promotes thyroid cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. It also discusses how lactate may contribute to treatment resistance. This paper provides new ideas for future research and clinical translation by summarizing the key findings and clinical significance of the current research on lactate metabolism in thyroid cancer, anticipating future research directions, and applying the development of more effective treatments that target lactate metabolism to clinical practice.
Keywords: thyroid cancer, Glycolysis, Lactate, lactylation, Mechanism
Received: 03 Jun 2025; Accepted: 07 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Shi, Zhong, Liu, Ying, Liao, Liu, Zhao, Zeng and Zhong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xiangtai Zeng, Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
Jianing Zhong, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, GANZHOU, China
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