ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cell Dev. Biol.
Sec. Cancer Cell Biology
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1677555
This article is part of the Research TopicInnovative Approaches to Combat Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic AdvancementsView all 3 articles
3D-ASC-Exos as a novel drug carrier for glioma treatment
Provisionally accepted
Xintong Han1
Xin Li2Xinrui Yan2Yu Zhang2Chang Liu2Wei Liu2Rui Han2Yaxin Li2Jianming Li2Naichao Diao2
Boyin Jia2*
Rui Du1*- 1Yanbian University Agriculture College, Longjing, China
- 2Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
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It is known that antler stem cell extract has an inhibitory effect on glioma growth. Therefore, it is speculated that antler stem cell-derived exosomes (ASC-Exos) can be used as a new drug carrier for the treatment of glioma. Due to the limitation of exosome sources, we constructed a 3D culture system to harvest more exosomes. In this experiment, compared with the 2D-ASC-Exos obtained from the traditional 2D culture, the 3D-ASC-Exos obtained from our constructed 3D culture system were concentrated nearly 30 times in the culture medium volume, which was more convenient for subsequent purification. The two forms of ASC-Exos had similar morphologies and surface markers, but 3D-ASC-Exos were enriched with more miRNAs related to tumor suppression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that 3D-ASC-exosomes loaded with temozolomide (TMZ) inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of glioma cells and promoted the apoptosis of glioma cells. The vivo tumor-bearing mouse model demonstrated that 3D-ASC-Exos loaded with TMZ exerted tumor-suppressive effects by inhibiting tumor growth and promoting tumor apoptosis. Meanwhile, the treatment with 3D-ASC-Exos loaded with TMZ caused no damage to the various tissues and organs of mice compared with the TMZ group. In conclusion, 3D-ASC-Exos can be used as a novel drug carrier for the treatment of glioma.
Keywords: Antler, 3D-ASC-Exos, Glioma, Drug carrier, TMZ
Received: 01 Aug 2025; Accepted: 10 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Han, Li, Yan, Zhang, Liu, Liu, Han, Li, Li, Diao, Jia and Du. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Boyin Jia, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
Rui Du, Yanbian University Agriculture College, Longjing, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.