REVIEW article
Front. Cell Dev. Biol.
Sec. Molecular and Cellular Reproduction
Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Potential of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in Reproductive System Diseases: A Review
Provisionally accepted
- 1College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- 2Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Changsha, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) generated from precursor or mature tRNAs under stress conditions, such as starvation, hypoxia, or oxidative stress. They are broadly classified into a growing class of small RNAs, known as tRNA-derived RNA (tDR), tRNA-derived small RNAs or tRNA-derived fragments and tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) based on their cleavage sites. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have revealed their critical roles in the reproductive system, particularly in spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, and male infertility. In females, tsRNAs are implicated in oocyte development and embryo implantation. Dysregulation of tsRNAs has also been linked to reproductive diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis in women, and oligospermia or azoospermia in men. Mechanistically, tsRNAs regulate gene expression, mRNA stability, and translation, influencing key pathways in reproductive health and disease. Their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for reproductive disorders is increasingly recognized, though further research is needed to fully elucidate their roles and clinical applications.
Keywords: tsRNA, TDRs, tiRNAs, sperm, oocyte, reproductive system disease
Received: 03 Sep 2025; Accepted: 19 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhou, He, Liu, Sun and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Guoying Sun, sunguoying1029@hunnu.edu.cn
Jian Li, lijianyxy@hunnu.edu.cn
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.