SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Clim.
Sec. Climate Adaptation
Volume 7 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fclim.2025.1585331
This article is part of the Research TopicAI and ResilienceView all 5 articles
Enhancing System Resilience to Climate Change through Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review
Provisionally accepted
- 1Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
- 2Bayes Business School, City University of London, London, England, United Kingdom
- 3Université Paris Dauphine, Paris, France
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The growing urgency of climate change necessitates innovative strategies to enhance resilience acrossmultiple sectors. Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative tool capable of strengtheningadaptation and mitigation efforts, yet the literature remains fragmented regarding its applications. Thisstudy conducts a systematic literature review of 385 peer-reviewed papers, categorizing AI applicationsacross nine key sectors and assessing their contributions to climate resilience. The paper reveals that64.4% of studies focus on adaptation, while 16% address mitigation, and 19.4% incorporate bothapproaches. The regional distribution of research remains uneven, with Asia (32%) and global-scalestudies (34%) receiving the most attention, while Africa (7.5%) and South America (1.8%) remainsignificantly underrepresented. The study further classifies AI methodologies, highlighting that 51.4%of studies employ Classical Machine Learning / General ML techniques, while 22.3% utilize deeplearning/neural network models. Despite AI transformative potential, key gaps persist in dataaccessibility, model interpretability, and ethical considerations, particularly in developing regions.Unlike earlier reviews which focused on specific sectors or aspects of AI in climate adaptation, thisstudy offers a comprehensive cross-sectoral analysis, covering nine sectors and integratingperspectives on both adaptation and mitigation. This breadth, along with an emphasis on system-levelresilience and underrepresented regions, distinguishes our work from prior reviews. The paperunderscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, regionally tailored AI models, and ethical AIframeworks to ensure equitable climate resilience. This paper provides a roadmap for policymakers,researchers, and industry stakeholders to strategically deploy AI in strengthening global climateadaptation and mitigation efforts.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI), system resilience, Climate Change, Green transition, sustainable development, climate adaptation, machine learning
Received: 04 Mar 2025; Accepted: 30 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Forouheshfar, Ayadi and Moghadas. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yeganeh Forouheshfar, Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
Rym Ayadi, Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, Barcelona, Spain
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