PERSPECTIVE article
Front. Commun. Netw.
Sec. Aerial and Space Networks
Emerging NGSO Constellations: Spectral Coexistence with GSO Satellite Communication Systems
Provisionally accepted
Flor Ortíz1*
Eva Lagunas2
Almoatssimbillah SAIFALDAWLA2
Mahdis Jalali2Luis Emiliani3Syemon Chatzinotas2- 1Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- 2Universite du Luxembourg - Campus Kirchberg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- 3Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
The rapid expansion of Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit (NGSO) constellations is reshaping satellite communications, creating complex interference scenarios with Geostationary Satellite Orbit (GSO) systems due to shared spectrum usage. This article explores the challenges of NGSO–GSO spectral coexistence, focusing on recent regulatory developments, including the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-23), which upheld existing EPFD limits while launching technical studies on aggregate interference. We review state-of-the-art mitigation strategies, such as beamforming and power control, validated through simulations, and highlight the role of AI in enhancing interference detection and response. The paper concludes with a forward-looking research agenda centered on adaptive regulatory tools, probabilistic interference models, and data-driven coordination to support sustainable orbital spectrum sharing.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, EPFD limits, GSO satellite systems, interference mitigation, NGSO constellations, Regulatory frameworks, Spectrum sharing
Received: 23 Oct 2025; Accepted: 02 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Ortíz, Lagunas, SAIFALDAWLA, Jalali, Emiliani and Chatzinotas. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Flor Ortíz
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.