SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Comput. Sci.
Sec. Theoretical Computer Science
Volume 7 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcomp.2025.1523699
Evaluating Large Language Models: A Systematic Review of Efficiency, Applications, and Future Directions
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- 2Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computing and informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- 3University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Large language models, the innovative breakthrough taking the world by storm, have been applied in several fields, such as medicine, education, finance, and law. Moreover, large language models can integrate into those fields through their abilities in natural language processing, text generation, question answering, and several other use cases that benefit human interactions and decision-making. Furthermore, it is imperative to acknowledge the differences involved with large language models beyond their applications by considering aspects such as their types, setups, parameters, and performance. This could help us understand how each large language model could be utilized to its fullest extent for maximum benefit. In this systematic literature review, we explore each of these aspects in depth. Finally, we conclude with insights and future directions for advancing the efficiency and applicability of large language models.
Keywords: Large language models, LLMS, Efficiency, performance, Application'
Received: 06 Nov 2024; Accepted: 13 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Saleh, Abu Talib, Nasir and Dakalbab. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Manar Abu Talib, Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.