AI is a rare hereditary condition that requires treatment due to esthetical, functional, and related psychosocial problems. According to different incidence studies conducted in different geographical regions, the frequency of AI has been reported in a wide range from 1:700 to 1:16000. AI is divided into various phenotypes according to the anatomical and histological features of enamel. It is observed in four main types; hypoplastic, hypocalcified, hypomature, and hypomature-hypoplastic observed with taurodontism. These four main groups are divided into at least 15 subtypes depending on their phenotype and heredity. AI is caused by the mutation of various genes that have critical roles in normal enamel formation. Although it is known that a total of five genes (AMELX, ENAM, KLK4, MMP20, and DLX3) play a role in enamel formation, mutations of candidate genes are still being studied. Inheritance occurs as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inheritance.
Regardless of the type, similar clinical complications are observed in patients with AI. These are; abnormal color and structure of enamel, susceptibility to caries, severe tooth sensitivity, decreased occlusal vertical dimension, and abnormal aesthetic appearance. Other dental anomalies such as a large number of impacted teeth, congenitally missing teeth, taurodontism, hypercementosis, root malformations, pulpal calcifications, and skeletal malocclusions (anterior open bite, class 3 malocclusion) are not observed in all patients with AI.
This Research Topic is aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic intraoral findings of AI cases and to contribute to the dental literature on genetic research.
The Editorial team focused to provide information about the analysis of the function and mutation of the genes which cause AI and discuss how mechanisms affect genes and individual susceptibility to hypoplasia of the enamel tissue.
In conclusion, there is well-known information that mutations in several genes can lead to AI. These same genes and other members of their pathways quite possibly contribute to individual susceptibility to dental caries and/or erosive tooth wear. (1) We are now in the new era of genetic engineering including regenerative medicine, and numerous contemporary applications in modern dentistry.
Comprehension of recent advances in genetic research in dentistry would lead to finding the best application according to the type of AI and the most successful treatment strategies to improve treatment outcomes of patients. The guest Editorial team hopes that the present Research Topic provides additional information for this Research Topic and would encourage other researchers for their future works in this field.
Nowadays it is thought that AI is not a dental disease, but also appears as an oral symptom of some systemic diseases. For that reason it deserves more attention by other medical branches.
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All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.
Acknowledgments
We thank all researchers interested in the subject.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Summary
Keywords
amelogenesis imperfecta, dental anomalies, genetics, clinical characteristic, management
Citation
Koruyucu M, Selvi Kuvvetli S, Tuna Ince EB and Oner Ozdas D (2022) Editorial: Amelogenesis Imperfecta. Front. Dent. Med. 3:888122. doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.888122
Received
02 March 2022
Accepted
08 March 2022
Published
07 April 2022
Volume
3 - 2022
Edited and reviewed by
Alexandre Rezende Vieira, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Updates
Copyright
© 2022 Koruyucu, Selvi Kuvvetli, Tuna Ince and Oner Ozdas.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Mine Koruyucu minekoruyucu@gmail.com; mine.yildirim@istonbul.edu.tr
This article was submitted to Pediatric Dentistry, a section of the journal Frontiers in Dental Medicine
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.