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REVIEW article

Front. Endocrinol.

Sec. Thyroid Endocrinology

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1445855

THE COMPLEXITY OF CURRENT INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR DISTANT METASTASES IN THYROID CANCER

Provisionally accepted
Daqi ZhangDaqi Zhang1Jerry SpisaniJerry Spisani2Arianna CerielloArianna Ceriello2Francesco FrattiniFrancesco Frattini3Gianlorenzo Dionigi, MD, FACS, FEBSGianlorenzo Dionigi, MD, FACS, FEBS3Lanlan WanLanlan Wan4*Alessio Salvatore AngileriAlessio Salvatore Angileri2Anna Maria IerardiAnna Maria Ierardi2Gianpaolo CarrafielloGianpaolo Carrafiello2
  • 1China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
  • 2University of Milan, Milan, Lombardy, Italy
  • 3Department of Surgery, IRCCS Ca 'Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Lombardy, Italy
  • 4Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China

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The finding of liver metastases in thyroid cancer is relatively uncommon. Treatment is complex and depends on several factors, including location, number and size of lesions, associated symptoms, extrahepatic disease and patient’s condition. In this context, interventional radiological treatments have been successfully used to optimise disease control or for palliative purposes and have generally been well tolerated. However, careful selection of candidates for such procedures in a multidisciplinary context is crucial.

Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, Follicular thyroid carcinoma, metastases, Recurrence

Received: 08 Jun 2024; Accepted: 17 Jun 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Spisani, Ceriello, Frattini, Dionigi, MD, FACS, FEBS, Wan, Angileri, Ierardi and Carrafiello. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Lanlan Wan, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary Material