ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Renal Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1448137
Association of Waist-to-Hip Ratio with Risk of Kidney Stones in Hypertensive Population: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study
Provisionally accepted
- 1General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- 2Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Abstract Background Kidney stones (KS) are a prevalent urological condition with high recurrence rates and substantial treatment costs. Hypertension has been identified as an independent risk factor for KS. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) has also been associated with KS; however, its relationship with KS in the hypertensive population remains unexplored. Through a population-based cross-sectional study, this study aimed to assess the association between WHR and KS risk in the hypertension population. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 to 2020 were analyzed, comprising 1,572 hypertensive patients. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines analysis were performed to examine the association between WHR and KS. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic ability of several human obesity-related indices for KS. Results A total of 1,572 hypertensive patients were included in the final study, with a mean age of 54.87 years and a prevalence of KS of 12.28%. The study found a significant association between WHR and KS, even after adjusting for confounding factors, with higher WHR associated with a higher likelihood of KS occurrence (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.13, 2.34). This positive association is linear (non-linear p >0.05). ROC curve results showed that WHR had the highest AUC. Subgroup analysis showed consistent associations in almost all populations, with no significant interaction effects (p for interaction > 0.05). Finally, sensitivity analysis further confirmed the stability of the results. Conclusion In the hypertensive population, WHR is positively associated with the likelihood of KS. These findings highlight the importance of considering WHR as a risk factor for KS in hypertensive individuals, providing valuable insights for managing KS in this population.
Keywords: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, waist-to-hip ratio, Kidney Stones, Hypertension, Cross-sectional
Received: 22 Jun 2024; Accepted: 28 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Lv, Aibibula, Li, Ma, He and Zhou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Feiyan Zhang, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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