ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.

Sec. Neuroendocrine Science

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1492379

Salivary alpha-amylase over cortisol ratio as a longitudinal indicator of work stress and psychosomatic strain in teachers

Provisionally accepted
  • 1University of Teacher Education Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  • 2University of Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  • 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  • 4University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
  • 5Clinica Holistica Engiadina, Susch, Switzerland
  • 6Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

This longitudinal study investigates to what extent salivary alpha-amylase (as an index of the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, SNS), salivary cortisol (as an index of the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, HPA, axis), and their ratio (reflecting asymmetry between both physiological stress systems) are valid indicators of stress in teachers. Moreover, we pose the question of whether dysregulation of the SNS and HPA axis is associated with individual risk and protective factors of teachers. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess personality factors, coping strategies, and perceived psychological and psychosomatic strain, with the latter being reassessed two years later. The results show that cross-sectionally, alpha-amylase is positively associated with individual risk factors and psychological strain in teachers, whereas cortisol showed no significant correlations. Longitudinally, however, the ratio of alpha-amylase over cortisol was the most consistent indicator of stress in teachers, with higher values predicting a more unfavorable stress experience and psychosomatic strain. In summary, an asymmetry between activity of the SNS and the HPA axis validly indicates work stress and psychosomatic strain in teachers.

Keywords: Teacher, stress, cortisol, alpha-Amylase, ratio, ambulatory assessment

Received: 06 Sep 2024; Accepted: 28 Apr 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Schneider, Wettstein, Jenni, Kühne, Grosse Holtforth, Wachs and La Marca. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Ida Schneider, University of Teacher Education Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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