ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Thyroid Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1547430
Analysis of influencing factors on Turner Syndrome combined with autoimmune thyroid disease
Provisionally accepted
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common autoimmune disease in patients with Turner Syndrome (TS). There is a high prevalence of AITD in TS patients, it has an early age of onset and can present as severe thyroid dysfunction. The specific etiology of AITD in TS is not clear and may be associated with sex chromosome-related genetic defects, immune dysfunction, or sex hormone imbalance due to ovarian insufficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of AITD in Chinese patients with TS.Methods: In total 63 female patients aged 14-32 diagnosed with TS received titer of thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid function examinations, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). The effects of age, body mass index (BMI), karyotype, fasting insulin, blood lipids and other factors that may affect thyroid function were analyzed, and the possible risk factors associated with AITD in TS patients explored.Results: Of the 63 TS patients, 24 (38.10%) had normal thyroid function and 39 (61.90%) patients had TgAb and/or TPOAb. Among the 39 women with positive thyroid autoantibodies, 10 had abnormal thyroid function, including 3 with hyperthyroidism and 7 with hypothyroidism. Patients with isochromosome X had an increased risk of developing AITD.The risk of AITD with TS correlates with the chromosomal karyotype, patients with isochromosome X have an increased risk of AITD. Patients with positive thyroid autoantibodies have a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction..
Keywords: Turner syndrome1, autoimmune thyroid disease2, thyroid autoimmunity3, chromosomal karyotype4, pediatric care5. (Min.5-Max. 8)
Received: 18 Dec 2024; Accepted: 19 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Cen, Wei, Huang, Qi, Lash and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Li Li, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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