Different effects of regional fat masses on multiple cardiovascular-kidneymetabolic phenotypes in young adults

Jie Mi^1*Xia Wang¹Hong Cheng²Jingfan Xiong³Pei Xiao¹Liu Junting²Xinying Shan²Dongqing Hou²Xiaoyuan Zhao²YINKUN YAN¹

• ¹Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
• ²Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
• ³Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

Objective: To evaluate the differential effects of regional fat masses on multiple cardiovascularkidney-metabolic (CKM) phenotypes among young Chinese adults. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 1,163 participants aged 27-42 years, who underwent an assessment of whole-body and regional fat mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We measured multiple CKM phenotypes including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, subclinical vascular damage, and kidney damage. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher total fat mass index was significantly associated with increased odds of all CKM phenotypes. In models including trunk and leg fat mass, higher trunk fat mass index was independently associated with increased odds for all CKM phenotypes except for low estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conversely, higher leg fat mass index was associated with reduced odds of most CKM phenotypes, including diabetes, high triglycerides, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high relative wall thickness, high brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, and high microalbuminuria. Similarly, in models including android and gynoid fat mass, higher android fat mass was positively associated with odds of most CKM phenotypes, whereas gynoid fat mass showed negative associations. Conclusions: Regional adipose compartments confer different CKM risks in young Chinese adults, which underscores the importance of fat distribution in assessing CKM risk.