ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Cardiovascular Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1563734
This article is part of the Research TopicPreventing Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes - Volume IIView all 3 articles
Association Between Glycemia Risk Index and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes
Provisionally accepted
Lingyun Zhao1,2
Hongyan Heng1,2Qinyuan Xie1,2
Chenghong Liang1,2Sijia Guo1,2Ziyi Zhang1,2
Huijuan Yuan1,2*- 1People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- 2Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Objective: To investigate the association between the Glycemic Risk Index (GRI) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and evaluate the clinical utility of GRI for early vascular risk assessment.Methods: This retrospective study included 450 previously untreated patients with T2DM prior to hospitalization. We calculated GRI using CGM data and assessed CIMT with high-resolution ultrasound. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses assessed the association between GRI and CIMT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses evaluated GRI's predictive performance. Results:There was a significant positive correlation between GRI and CIMT (r = 0.42, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, GRI remained an independent predictor of CIMT thickening (OR = 7.226, 95% CI: 5.597-8.856, P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that GRI alone predicted abnormal CIMT with an AUC of 0.869.GRI is a robust marker for predicting CIMT thickening in T2DM patients, providing a novel approach for cardiovascular risk stratification. This study underscores the potential of integrating GRI into routine diabetes management to improve vascular outcomes.
Keywords: glycemia risk index, type 2 diabetes, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Cardiovascular Diseases, Continuous glucose monitoring
Received: 20 Jan 2025; Accepted: 28 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhao, Heng, Xie, Liang, Guo, Zhang and Yuan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Huijuan Yuan, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.