ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Reproduction
This article is part of the Research TopicCellular Micro-Environment of the Endometrium: Reproduction, Embryo Implantation, and Placentation - From Bench to Bedside and Beyond to Tissue EngineeringView all 11 articles
Clinical Impact of Progesterone Levels on HCG Trigger Day in a Follicular Long-Term IVF Protocol
Provisionally accepted
Xiao Han
Na SongYanping ZhangJingjing WangFang ZhaoZhanrong ShiYuzhen LvMenglan Wu
Fang 原芳 YuanGuangli Zhu*- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiaozuo Women and Children's Hospital, Henan, China
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Background: Previous studies have shown that elevated progesterone (P4) levels on human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) trigger days may affect endometrial tolerance.However,no standardized threshold has been established for the impact of late follicular phase P4 on clinical outcomes.This study aimed to assess the influence of P4 levels on the day of HCG trigger in a follicular long-term protocol on clinical outcome.Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 889 fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles, each involving a single top-quality cleavage-stage embryo (CSE) or blastocyst transfer. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, threshold effect analysis, and curve fitting were carried out.Results: A significant correlation was identified between the P4 level and both the clinical pregnancy rate ([CPR] OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.37 -0.81, p = 0.003) as well as the ongoing pregnancy rate ([OPR] OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46 -0.99, p = 0.047) in blastocyst transfer. However, no significant relationship was found between P4 level and CPR or OPRs in CSE transfer. The OPR displayed a linear relationship with the P4 level in CSEs. In blastocyst transfer, the CPR followed a parabolic pattern, initially declining gradually at higher P4 levels and then dropping sharply when P4 reached ≥ 1.0 ng/mL.On the other hand, the OPR displayed a reverse U-shaped curve, increasing with P4 levels up to 1.0 ng/mL before declining at higher levels. The OPR significantly declined when the P4 level exceeded 1.0 ng/mL.Conclusions: In blastocyst transfer cycles, the P4 level on the HCG trigger day shows a curvilinear association with the outcomes of pregnancy. The optimal threshold was found to be as 1.0 ng/mL.
Keywords: Progesterone, follicular long-term protocol, hCG trigger day, Fresh embryo transfer, Clinical pregnancy
Received: 13 Mar 2025; Accepted: 04 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Han, Song, Zhang, Wang, Zhao, Shi, Lv, Wu, Yuan and Zhu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Guangli Zhu, 931969377@qq.com
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