Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Internists in Indonesia

Nasution, Sally  Aman; Sukrisman, Lugyanti; Ginanjar, Eka; Yunihastuti, Evy; Salim, Simon; Hidayat, Rudy; Muhadi, Muhadi; Ugroseno, Siprianus; Tambunan, Asri  Ludin; Purnomo, Hery  Djagat; Aman, Andi  Makbul; Ikhsan, Mohammad  Robikhul; Mekah, Ahmad; Hamdan, Angkasa  R; Wijaya, Indra; Semadi, I Made  Siswadi; Gotera, Wira; Muthia, Putri; Ahmad, Zen; Diah, Muhammad; Samsu, Nur; Perdhana, Santy  A. P.; Sumandjar, Tatar; Prihatini, Johana; Wakimin, Juwanto; Rotty, Linda  Wilhelma Ancella; Harun, Harnavi; Yakti, Kuntjoro; Erwin, Erwin; Pura, Lukman; Abimanyu, Abimanyu; Kusuma, Sutiadi; Hakim, Suharno; Septianti, Riskadwi; Gunawan, Budiman; Addiena, Faradiesa; Nursetiyanto, Kongko  H; Koswandi, Arif; Lewai, Andreas  N F; Anggoro, Joko; Nainggolan, Maria; Sanusi, Arfan; Irianto, Petrus; Komariatun, Komariatun; Kurniati, Annelin; Aswar, Haeril; Mokoginta, Nelyan  H; Pawa, Leily  D; Ambar, Edwin; Duwit, Feliks

doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1594678

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.

Sec. Obesity

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1594678

This article is part of the Research TopicPhysical Activity Behavior, Obesity, and Stress as Crucial Sources of Health Issues in Stressful Occupations, Volume IIView all 7 articles

Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Internists in Indonesia

Provisionally accepted

Sally Aman Nasution^1*

Lugyanti Sukrisman¹

Eka Ginanjar¹

Evy Yunihastuti¹

Simon Salim¹

Rudy Hidayat¹

Muhadi Muhadi¹

Siprianus Ugroseno²

Asri Ludin Tambunan³

Hery Djagat Purnomo⁴

Andi Makbul Aman⁵

Mohammad Robikhul Ikhsan⁶

Ahmad Mekah⁷

Angkasa R Hamdan⁸

Indra Wijaya⁸

I Made Siswadi Semadi⁹

Wira Gotera⁹

Putri Muthia¹⁰

Zen Ahmad¹⁰

Muhammad Diah¹¹

Nur Samsu¹²

Santy A. P. Perdhana¹³

Tatar Sumandjar¹³

Johana Prihatini¹⁴

Juwanto Wakimin¹⁵

Linda Wilhelma Ancella Rotty¹⁶

Harnavi Harun¹⁷

Kuntjoro Yakti¹⁸

Erwin Erwin¹⁹

Lukman Pura²⁰

Abimanyu Abimanyu²¹

Sutiadi Kusuma²²

Suharno Hakim²³

Riskadwi Septianti²⁴

Budiman Gunawan²⁵

Faradiesa Addiena²⁶

Kongko H Nursetiyanto²⁷

Arif Koswandi²⁸

Andreas N F Lewai²⁹

Joko Anggoro³⁰

Maria Nainggolan³¹

Arfan Sanusi³²

Petrus Irianto³³

Komariatun Komariatun³⁴

Annelin Kurniati³⁵

Haeril Aswar³⁶

Nelyan H Mokoginta³⁷

Leily D Pawa³⁸

Edwin Ambar³⁹

Feliks Duwit⁴⁰

¹Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
²Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
³Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
⁴Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
⁵Universitas Hasanuddin Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
⁶Faculty of Medicine, Publich Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
⁷Sari Asih Sangiang Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia
⁸Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
⁹Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana, Prof. dr. I Goesti Ngoerah Gde Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
¹⁰Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Mohammad Hosein General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
¹¹School of Medicine Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
¹²Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
¹³Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret, dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
¹⁴Primaya Hospital, Bekasi, Indonesia
¹⁵Faculty of Medicine Universitas Riau, Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
¹⁶Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
¹⁷Faculty of Medicine Universitas Andalas, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
¹⁸Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital, Samarinda, Indonesia
¹⁹Indonesia Red Cross General Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia
²⁰Faculty of Medicine Lampung University, Abdul Moelok Hospital, Lampung, Indonesia
²¹Faculty of Medicine Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
²²Gunung Jati General Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia
²³Faculty of Medicine Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia
²⁴H. Abdurrahman Sayoeti General Hospital, Jambi, Indonesia
²⁵Kharitas Bhakti Hospital, Pontianak, Indonesia
²⁶Permata Hospital, Depok, Indonesia
²⁷Mayapada Hospital Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta, Indonesia
²⁸Awal Bros Hospital Batam, Batam, Indonesia
²⁹Faculty of Medicine Universitas Nusa Cendana, RSUD WZ Johannes, Kupang, Indonesia
³⁰Faculty of Medicine University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Regional General Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia
³¹dr. Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangkaraya, Indonesia
³²Faculty of Medicine Alkhairaat University, Palu, Indonesia
³³Jayapura Regional General Hospital, Jayapura, Indonesia
³⁴Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
³⁵Harapan dan Doa Regional Hospital, Bengkulu, Indonesia
³⁶Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
³⁷Aloei Saboe Hospital, Gorontalo, Indonesia
³⁸Piru Hospital, West Seram, Indonesia
³⁹Faculty of Medicine Universitas Negeri Khairun, Chasan Boesoirie General Hospital, Ternate, Indonesia
⁴⁰Faculty of Medicine Universitas Papua, Manokwari, Indonesia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Background: Obesity constitutes a significant global health concern, including in Indonesia, through increased risk of non-communicable diseases. Physicians, as healthcare providers, are not exempt from the impact of obesity towards general health, quality of life, and work performance. Among physicians, internists are particularly significant, as they assume primary responsibility for the management of obesity, thus the primary focus in this study. Obesity in internists is related to modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Therefore, identification of prevalence and risk factors of obesity in internists may aid in the improvement of their health through risk factor modification. Methods: A multi-center randomized cross-sectional study with a total sample of 1064 internists across Indonesia is conducted to identify obesity profile and risk factors. Data was collected through questionnaire, physical examination, and biochemical testing; and was analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Results: The prevalence of obesity in Indonesian internists is 61.4%, higher than the general population. Risk factors associated with obesity in Indonesian internists after adjusting for confounding factors were male gender (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.08-1.90), hypertension (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26-2.79), history of diabetes mellitus (aOR 2.93, 95% CI 1.53-5.60), newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (aOR 2.41, 95% CI 1.22-4.77), newly diagnosed prediabetes (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26-2.30), and inadequate physical activity (aOR 1.85, 95% 1.15-2.98). Conclusion: Internists is a special population differing in prevalence of obesity and its related risk factors compared to the general population, due to high professional demand impacting healthy lifestyle and behaviour.

Keywords: Obesity, Internist, cardiovascular risk factor, Occupational Health, Physicians

Received: 16 Mar 2025; Accepted: 08 Sep 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Nasution, Sukrisman, Ginanjar, Yunihastuti, Salim, Hidayat, Muhadi, Ugroseno, Tambunan, Purnomo, Aman, Ikhsan, Mekah, Hamdan, Wijaya, Semadi, Gotera, Muthia, Ahmad, Diah, Samsu, Perdhana, Sumandjar, Prihatini, Wakimin, Rotty, Harun, Yakti, Erwin, Pura, Abimanyu, Kusuma, Hakim, Septianti, Gunawan, Addiena, Nursetiyanto, Koswandi, Lewai, Anggoro, Nainggolan, Sanusi, Irianto, Komariatun, Kurniati, Aswar, Mokoginta, Pawa, Ambar and Duwit. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Sally Aman Nasution, sanasution@yahoo.com

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