ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Cardiovascular Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1595097
Associations of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance with Various Hypertension Phenotypes in Children and Adolescents: Results from the 2017 China Nutrition and Health Surveillance
Provisionally accepted
Haiyuan Zhu1
Lianlong Yu2
Qiqi Wu1
Runquan Zhang1
Zebang Zhang1Yumei Feng1
Tao Liu1
Dan Liu3
Jiewen Peng4Xiongfei Chen5
Xiaomei Dong1*- 1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- 2Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
- 3Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- 4Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- 5Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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The prevalence of hypertension in children is rising globally, with early-onset high blood pressure linked to future cardiovascular risk. Identifying early risk markers beyond obesity and high salt intake is necessary. Although cost-effective indicators of insulin resistance (IR), such as TyG and METS-IR, have been associated with new-onset hypertension in adults, their links with pediatric hypertension, particularly specific phenotypes of hypertension remain unclear.Methods 12,087 individuals aged 7-17 years from the 2017 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Women were included. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥95th percentile for sex, age, and height. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), defined as SBP ≥95th and DBP <95th percentile. Isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), defined as DBP ≥95th and SBP <95th percentile. Systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), defined as both SBP and DBP ≥95th percentile. The associations of TyG and METS-IR with hypertension phenotypes were investigated using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression.TyG and METS-IR were positively associated with hypertension and all its phenotypes after multivariable adjustment. Treated as continuous variables, each 1-unit rise in TyG corresponds to 44%, 47%, and 61% higher chance of ISH, IDH, and SDH,
Keywords: Insulin resistance Index, Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Children, CI, confidence interval, TyG, triglyceride-glucose index, METS-IR, metabolic score for insulin resistance. * indicating P < 0.05, † indicating P < 0.01, ‡ indicating P < 0.001
Received: 17 Mar 2025; Accepted: 08 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhu, Yu, Wu, Zhang, Zhang, Feng, Liu, Liu, Peng, Chen and Dong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiaomei Dong, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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