ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Clinical Diabetes
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1610091
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Role of Normal Blood Lipid Levels in Metabolic and Endocrine DiseasesView all 4 articles
Relationship between nontraditional lipid parameters and the risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals recovered from dyslipidemia: a cohort study
Provisionally accepted
Yuxian Wang1
Zekai Chen2
Zhen He1Hailun Qin2Kuangyi Wu1Huancong Zheng1Peng Fu1Zefeng Cai1Weiqiang Wu1
Yulong Lan1,3
Dan WU1,3
Shouling Wu4*
Youren Chen1*- 1Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- 2University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, Netherlands
- 3Centre of Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- 4Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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Aims/Introduction: Lipid profiles are essential for assessing type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but individuals who recover from dyslipidemia are often overlooked, leaving their residual risk unclear. This study aimed to evaluate T2D risk in individuals with varying lipid change patterns and investigate the associations between traditional and novel lipid parameters with T2D risk among those recovered from dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study of the Kailuan Study, 39,283 non-diabetic participants were followed to evaluate T2D risk across lipid change patterns using the Cox proportional hazards models. A subset of 3,850 individuals recovered from dyslipidemia was analyzed to examine the associations between both traditional and novel lipid parameters and T2D risk using Cox models and restricted cubic splines. Predictive performance was assessed using the C-index. Results: During follow-up, 5,223 participants developed T2D. Individuals recovered from dyslipidemia had a significantly higher T2D risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.25-1.51) compared to those with persistent normal lipid levels. In this group, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was inversely associated with T2D risk, while triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein combine index (LCI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), non-HDL-C, Castelli's index-I, Castelli's index-II and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) were positively associated. AIP and TyG outperformed other parameters in predictive ability.
Keywords: diabetes, cohort, Epidemiology, Nontraditional lipid parameters, Lipids
Received: 11 Apr 2025; Accepted: 09 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Chen, He, Qin, Wu, Zheng, Fu, Cai, Wu, Lan, WU, Wu and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Shouling Wu, drwusl@163.com
Youren Chen, yrchen3@stu.edu.cn
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