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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.

Sec. Reproduction

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1612194

Age-Stratified Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Nomogram: A Comprehensive Cohort Study including 22.920 Women

Provisionally accepted
Kiper  AslanKiper Aslan1,2*Işıl  KasapoğluIşıl Kasapoğlu2Bahadir  KosanBahadir Kosan2Aylin  TunaliAylin Tunali2İlayda  Telliogluİlayda Tellioglu2Gurkan  UncuGurkan Uncu2*
  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye
  • 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Bursa, Türkiye

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Background: Infertility rates have been rising globally, necessitating accurate assessment tools for ovarian reserve. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a key biomarker for evaluating ovarian reserve, yet age-stratified reference data remain limited. Establishing an AMH nomogram could enhance fertility counseling and treatment planning.Objective: To develop an age-stratified AMH nomogram to improve the understanding of ovarian reserve across reproductive ages and assist in comparing individual AMH values with age-specific thresholds, aiding in the baseline infertility work-upMethods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed AMH test results from a tertiary university hospital’s electronic database between April 2015 and June 2024. Data were collected from various departments, excluding women younger than 18 or older than 45 years. Median AMH levels and interquartile ranges were calculated for each age group. The prevalence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), defined as AMH <1.2 ng/mL, was determined. Statistical analyses, including correlation testing and subgroup comparisons across different clinical settings, were performed using SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).Results: A total of 22,920 AMH results were analyzed after excluding patients outside the 18-45 age range and those with incomplete data. More than half of the AMH tests were from women aged 24-33 years. The results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between age and AMH levels, with a median AMH value dropping below 1.2 ng/mL by age 36. The prevalence of DOR increased from 15.9% at age 18 to 96% at age 45. Additionally, women from the Endometriosis Unit had significantly lower AMH levels (median 1.6 ng/mL) compared to other departments (median 2.03 ng/mL). The age-stratified AMH distribution remained consistent even when patients from ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) centers, REI (Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility), and the Endometriosis Unit were excluded.Conclusion:This study provides an age-stratified AMH nomogram that can serve as a valuable tool for clinicians to assess ovarian reserve more accurately. The sharp decline in AMH levels, particularly after age 36, emphasizes the need for timely fertility evaluations and interventions, particularly in populations at risk for diminished ovarian reserve, such as those with endometriosis.

Keywords: AMH, ovarian reserve, Age stratification, diminished ovarian reserve, nomogram, Infertility, Endometriosis

Received: 15 Apr 2025; Accepted: 06 Jun 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Aslan, Kasapoğlu, Kosan, Tunali, Tellioglu and Uncu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Kiper Aslan, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye
Gurkan Uncu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, 16059, Bursa, Türkiye

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