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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Endocrinol.

Sec. Clinical Diabetes

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1614802

This article is part of the Research TopicRecent Advances in Gestational Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatment and PreventionView all 7 articles

Association between hypothyroidism and metabolic profile during gestational diabetes mellitus

Provisionally accepted
SARA PINTOSARA PINTO1,2*Charlotte NachtergaeleCharlotte Nachtergaele2Laura CroceLaura Croce3,4Lionel CarbillonLionel Carbillon2Amélie BembaraAmélie Bembara2Mario RotondiMario Rotondi3,4Emmanuel CossonEmmanuel Cosson1,2
  • 1Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
  • 2Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
  • 3University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  • 4IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Lombardy, Italy

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Introduction Thyroid hormones exert many effects on glucose metabolism. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypothyroidism during gestation (HG) are the most common gestational endocrinopathies and seem to be associated. We therefore explored in women with GDM whether the presence of HG is associated with different metabolic profile. Materials and Methods We included 1290 pregnant women with GDM (IADSPG/WHO criteria) and no history of hypothyroidism prior pregnancy, who had a measure of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies during their day-hospital after GDM diagnosis. Patients with thyrotoxicosis and previous bariatric surgery were excluded. We evaluated concomitant blood pressure, fasting glycemia, insulinemia (with calculation of homeostasic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile according to the presence of a HG (American Thyroid Association 2017 definition: TSH≥4 mUI/L). Results The mean (±standard deviation) age was 33±5 years, mean body mass index 27±5 kg/m2 and 117 women (9%) displayed a HG. HG was associated with higher HbA1c (5.35±0.56 vs 5.22±0.52%, p=0.009), even after adjustment for gestational age, age and body mass index. TSH was also positively associated with HbA1c (p=0.006) and HOMA-IR (p=0.002). Patients with HG displayed less often an early GDM, being their fasting glycemia before 24 weeks of amenorrhea lower as compared to patients with a TSH< 4 mU/l. Conclusion In our cohort of GDM patients, women with HG showed higher HbA1c than those without and HOMA-IR were positively associated with the level of TSH.

Keywords: pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement Gestational Diabetes, Hypothyroidism, TSH, thyroid, Pregnancy

Received: 19 Apr 2025; Accepted: 28 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 PINTO, Nachtergaele, Croce, Carbillon, Bembara, Rotondi and Cosson. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: SARA PINTO, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France

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