ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Cancer Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1616523
This article is part of the Research TopicAltered Metabolic Traits in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers, volume IIView all 6 articles
The relationship between remnant cholesterol and WHO grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Provisionally accepted
- 1Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- 2Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Background: Cholesterol plays a role in tumorigenesis. However, the association between remnant cholesterol and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) has not been clarified. In the present study, we explored the association between the remnant cholesterol level and the World Organization Health Grade of PNENs. Methods: The clinical and histopathological characteristics of PNEN patients who underwent surgery at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Remnant cholesterol was calculated as total cholesterol - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol+low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The remnant cholesterol/cholesterol ratio was also calculated. Grade 3 PNENs and pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC) were defined as high-grade PNENs. The relationship between remnant cholesterol or the remnant cholesterol/cholesterol ratio and PNENs was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Patients with high-grade PNENs had higher remnant cholesterol levels and remnant cholesterol/cholesterol ratios than did those with low-and moderate-grade PNENs (P < 0.01). High proportions of patients with a remnant cholesterol concentration > 1.2 and a remnant cholesterol/cholesterol ratio > 0.26 were observed in patients with high-grade PNENs compared to those with low and moderate PNENs (27.74% vs 9.27%, P = 0.02; 19.56% vs 7.28%, P = 0.016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that remnant cholesterol was associated with high-grade PNENs (odds ratio (OR) =2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-4.56). Similar associations were observed between high-grade PNENs and a remnant cholesterol
Keywords: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, Cholesterol, Remnant cholesterol, Lipids, Tumor Grade
Received: 23 Apr 2025; Accepted: 20 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhou, Wang, Liu, Guo, Wang and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiao Chen, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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