ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Obesity
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1624001
GLP-1 and GIP may play a role in long-term weight trajectories after gastric bypass
Provisionally accepted
Sara Andrade1,2
Carolina B Lobato1,2,3,4
Mariana Machado1
Bolette Hartmann3
Jens Juul Holst3,5Rui F Almeida6Mário Nora6
Mariana P Monteiro1,2Marta Guimarães1,2,6
Sofia S Pereira1,2*- 1Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 2Laboratory of Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
- 3University of copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 4Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 5Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 6Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Suboptimal clinical responses to metabolic and bariatric surgery include insufficient weight loss (WL), weight regain (WR), and/or comorbidity remission failure or relapse. Gut hormones’ role in WR and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) relapse is not fully established. So, our aim was to evaluate the hormone profiles of patients with long-term optimal and suboptimal response after gastric bypass (RYGB). This cross-sectional study included 43 individuals who underwent RYGB surgery over 10 years ago, divided into two groups: 23 participants with no T2D history but different WR trajectories (cohort 1), and 20 with prior T2D diagnosis and optimal WL (cohort 2), with post-RYGB T2D remission (n=10) or relapse (n=10). Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP levels were evaluated during a mixed-meal tolerance test. In cohort 1, fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon, as well as the postprandial glucose and GIP levels, were significantly positively correlated with %WR. Additionally, postprandial GLP-1 and glucagon levels were negatively correlated with the %WR. In cohort 2, higher postprandial glucose and lower insulin were observed in participants with T2D relapse. No other significant differences were observed. In sum, greater WR was associated with higher levels of postprandial glucose and GIP, along with lower GLP-1 and glucagon excursions. Whether these are cause or consequence of WR remains to be clarified. Additionally, GIP and GLP-1 profile of participants with T2D relapse did not differ from those with T2D remission.
Keywords: RYGB, suboptimal long-term outcomes, weight regain, T2D relapse, enteropancreatic hormones
Received: 06 May 2025; Accepted: 17 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Andrade, Lobato, Machado, Hartmann, Holst, Almeida, Nora, Monteiro, Guimarães and Pereira. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Sofia S Pereira, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.