ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Cardiovascular Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1659340
This article is part of the Research TopicNovel Strategies for the Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic SyndromeView all 13 articles
The impact of short-term comprehensive treatment on cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with type 2 diabetes
Provisionally accepted
- Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction of risk factors and effects of short-term comprehensive treatment on the staging and components of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods:The study included 541 patients with T2DM who received comprehensive treatment from November 2023 to December 2024. The study analyzed the baseline clinical characteristics and CKM stage. Of these, 204 patients completed a six-month follow-up, forming a real-world observational study. This study evaluated changes in CKM stage and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores in patients with CKM stages 2 and 3 after six months of intensive treatment. A multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the 10-year CVD risk. Results: Among 541 adult patients with T2DM, 83.2% were in CKM stage 2, 11.1% in CKM stage 3, and 5.7% in CKM stage 4. Of the 204 patients who completed a six-month comprehensive intervention, 177 (43.2%) were in CKM stage 2 and 18 (7.3%) were in CKM stage 3, with a significant improvement in CKM stage 3 (4.1%) after the intervention. The 10-year CVD risk score decreased from 8.3% to 5.8% before and after the intervention (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that for every 1% decrease in HbA1C, the 10-year CVD risk decreased by 71.5%[OR=1.715,95%CI(1.386-2.123. For every 1mmol/L decrease in TC, the 10-year CVD risk decreased by 70%[OR=1.700,95%CI(1.070-2.701. For every 1mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure, the 10-year CVD risk decreased by 5.9%[OR=1.059,95%CI(1.027-1.090. For every 1mmol/l increase in HDL-C, the 10-year CVD risk decreased by 4.9%[OR=0.049,95%CI(0.006-0.442)]. Conclusion: Short-term comprehensive treatment can improve the staging of CKM syndrome in T2DM patients and reduce the 10-year CVD risk score; the decrease of SBP, TC and HbA1c and the increase of HDL-C under comprehensive treatment are protective factors for the improvement of the 10-year CVD risk score.
Keywords: Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic, type 2 diabetes mellitus, lifestyle intervention, MetabolicManagement Center, Interaction Mechanism
Received: 03 Jul 2025; Accepted: 25 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Gong, Yang, Cui, Zhao, Liu, Lv and Ding. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Li Gong, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.