ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Thyroid Endocrinology
Nomogram Model Based on Ultrasonography and Contrast-Enhanced CT for Predicting BRAFV600E Mutation in Thyroid Nodules Classified as C-TIRADS 3 and Above
Provisionally accepted
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Background: BRAFV600E mutation detection enhances diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model for the BRAFV600E mutation in C-TIRADS 3 or higher nodules. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 324 patients with C-TIRADS 3 or higher thyroid nodules. Based on BRAFV600E testing from ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), patients were divided into wild-type (n=263) and mutation(n=61) groups. Predictive features were independently selected from ultrasonography (US), contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), and combined imaging using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors and then develop three predictive models. Model performance was evaluated through calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and Brier scores, respectively. The optimal model was subsequently converted into a visualized nomogram to facilitate clinical implementation. Results: Ultrasonographic microcalcifications were the strongest independent predictor of BRAFV600E mutation (OR = 9.63, 95% CI: 3.62–25.63, P < 0.001). Higher C-TIRADS grades, irregular morphology on US, and blurred borders or capsule interruption on CECT were also significant independent risk factors. Notably, smaller nodule size on US correlated with higher mutation risk (OR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.98, p=0.012). The multimodal model combining US and CECT (AUC = 0.937) outperformed individual US (AUC = 0.915) and CECT (AUC = 0.784) models. Conclusion: The nomogram integrating US and CECT features shows strong predictive performance and clinical utility for identifying BRAFV600E mutations in C-TIRADS 3 or higher thyroid nodules.
Keywords: thyroid nodules, BRAFV600E mutation, Ultrasonography, contrast-enhancedCT, Combined diagnosis, nomogram, multimodal
Received: 10 Jul 2025; Accepted: 17 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Yu, Gao and Dou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jiaqing Dou, djqch2@163.com
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