ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Translational and Clinical Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1669661
This article is part of the Research TopicLatest Insights and Translational Advances in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)View all articles
Association between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity in Hypertensive Patients with Co-existing OSA: A Cross-Sectional Study
Provisionally accepted
Yan Li1,2Lu Zhang1,2Lu Zhai1,2Limantian Wang1,2Shudan Deng1,2Xiaolin Hao1,2Ying Zhang1,2
Xiao-Ling Gao2*- 1Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- 2Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan city, China
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Study Objectives: To evaluate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in hypertensive patients with comorbid OSA, particularly in non-obese subgroups. Methods: This cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled 653 hypertensive patients with snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between 2022 and 2023. After confirming OSA diagnosis by polysomnography, 562 eligible participants were stratified into mild/moderate/severe OSA groups. The TyG index was calculated as ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of OSA severity, with subgroup analyses stratified by BMI. Linear regression was employed to examine the association between the TyG index and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Results: In the fully adjusted model, the TyG index showed the strongest independent association with OSA severity progression (OR=1.885, 95%CI:1.107-3.209), demonstrating greater explanatory value than BMI based on standardized β coefficients. This association demonstrated striking phenotypic specificity, with significant correlation restricted to non-obese individuals (adjusted OR=2.804, 95%CI:1.547-5.083) versus obese counterparts. Stratification by TyG tertiles revealed progressive AHI escalation with increasing tertiles (β = 8.265 per tertile, P < 0.001), indicating a dose-response relationship. Conclusions: The TyG index surpasses conventional obesity metrics in stratifying OSA severity among hypertensive patients with OSA. These findings support its utility as a pathophysiology-guided risk stratification tool for OSA-related cardiometabolic complications in hypertension management.
Keywords: Triglyceride-glucose index, obstructive sleep apnea, Hypertension, Insulin Resistance, biomarker
Received: 20 Jul 2025; Accepted: 08 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Zhang, Zhai, Wang, Deng, Hao, Zhang and Gao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiao-Ling Gao, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan city, China
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