ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Thyroid Endocrinology
N-Phenethylacetamide, Diaminopimelic acid and Gly-Val as high-performance serum biomarkers for diagnosing untreated Graves' Disease: an LC-MS-based metabolomics study
Provisionally accepted
- 1Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- 2Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Graves' Disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism and systemic metabolic disturbances. This study employed LC-MS-based serum metabolomics to investigate metabolic alterations in untreated GD patients from Shenzhen, China, compared to healthy controls (HC). We identified 334 significantly dysregulated metabolites, predominantly involved in lipid and organic acid metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Several metabolites demonstrated high diagnostic potential, most notably N-Phenethylacetamide (AUC = 0.94), Diaminopimelic acid (AUC = 0.93), and the dipeptide Gly-Val (AUC = 0.91). These findings reveal profound metabolic reprogramming in GD, underscore the central role of inflammatory lipid pathways and amino acid metabolism, and provide promising biomarker candidates to improve the diagnosis and inform future therapeutic strategies for Graves' Disease.
Keywords: Graves' disease, Serum, LC-MS, Metabolomics, biomarker, N-Phenethylacetamide, Diaminopimelic Acid, Gly-Val
Received: 17 Sep 2025; Accepted: 23 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Fang, Ning, Wu, Liu and Ning. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jie Ning, jiening919@gmail.com
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